Targeted Therapies for Each Subtype of Breast Cancer.

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Pharmacology
• Molecular Biology

Background:

• Breast cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous malignancy with distinct subtypes (HR-positive, HER2-positive, TNBC).
• Current targeted therapies show success but face challenges like drug resistance and limited options for TNBC.
• Subtype-specific precision therapy is crucial for improving patient outcomes in breast cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

• To comprehensively review recent advances in targeted therapies for major breast cancer subtypes.
• To discuss cross-subtype therapeutic platforms and emerging treatment modalities.
• To provide a framework for optimizing personalized treatment and addressing unmet needs in breast cancer.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of recent advances in targeted therapies for breast cancer.
• Analysis of endocrine therapy combinations, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), immunotherapies, and PARP inhibitors.
• Exploration of emerging modalities like CAR T-cell therapy and PROTACs.

Main Results:

• Advances include CDK4/6 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors for HR-positive BC.
• Novel ADCs (e.g., T-DXd) and TKIs are effective for HER2-positive BC.
• Trop-2 ADCs, immunotherapies, and PARP inhibitors show promise for TNBC.

Conclusions:

• Targeted therapies are rapidly evolving for all major breast cancer subtypes.
• Cross-subtype platforms and novel modalities offer new avenues for treatment.
• Personalized treatment optimization remains key to addressing unmet clinical needs in breast cancer precision oncology.