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Nanoscale Electrothermal-Switch Superconducting Diode for Electrically Programmable Superconducting Circuits.

Tianyu Li1,2, Jiong Li3, Chong Li1,4

  • 1Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.

Nano Letters
|April 14, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new superconducting diode using an electrothermal switch. This device offers tunable, scalable, and programmable superconducting circuits for advanced electronics and quantum systems.

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non-reciprocal transportprogrammable superconducting circuitssuperconducting diodesuperconducting nanowire cryotronsuperconducting rectifier

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Electrical Engineering

Background:

  • Superconducting diodes offer efficient directional transport but lack electrical tunability and scalability for practical circuits.
  • Integrating superconducting devices into circuits requires overcoming challenges in control and miniaturization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a novel electrothermal-switch superconducting diode with electrical tunability and gate control.
  • To enable programmable superconducting circuits through dynamic control of non-reciprocal transport.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a superconducting diode utilizing a gate-controlled nanoscale hotspot in a superconducting nanowire.
  • Exploitation of the electrothermal-switch mechanism to induce dynamic inversion symmetry breaking.
  • Characterization of two distinct non-reciprocal transport regimes: superconducting-to-normal transition and vortex dynamics.

Main Results:

  • The electrothermal-switch superconducting diode exhibits two coexisting non-reciprocal transport regimes.
  • Observed efficiencies of 42% and 60% for the two distinct regimes.
  • Demonstrated electrical switching (on/off/reverse polarity) in situ via a gate current, enabling reconfigurable rectification.

Conclusions:

  • The developed superconducting diode provides a scalable platform for programmable superconducting electronics.
  • Gate-controlled functionality and high performance pave the way for hybrid quantum systems.
  • This work addresses key challenges in circuit-level integration of superconducting devices.