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Related Concept Videos

Chirality02:25

Chirality

32.8K
Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...
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Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers02:25

Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers

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Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one chiral center, defined as a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different substituents attached, several molecules like butane-2,3-diol have multiple chiral centers. A simple formula to predict the number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with n chiral centers is 2n. However, there can be a lower number where some of the stereoisomers are...
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Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur02:30

Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

7.5K
Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
A consequence of chirality is the need for enantiomeric resolution. While this is theoretically possible for all...
7.5K
Stereoisomerism02:52

Stereoisomerism

14.8K
Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula.
Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...
14.8K
¹H NMR Chemical Shift Equivalence: Enantiotopic and Diastereotopic Protons00:58

¹H NMR Chemical Shift Equivalence: Enantiotopic and Diastereotopic Protons

4.1K
Replacing each alpha-hydrogen in chloroethane by bromine (or a different functional group) yields a pair of enantiomers. Such protons are called prochiral or enantiotopic and are related by a mirror plane. Enantiotopic protons are chemically equivalent in an achiral environment. Because most proton NMR spectra are recorded using achiral solvents, enantiotopic hydrogens yield a single signal.
In chiral compounds such as 2-butanol, replacing the methylene hydrogens at C3 produces a pair of...
4.1K
Prochirality02:05

Prochirality

5.4K
The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Demonstration of Spin-Multiplexed and Direction-Multiplexed All-Dielectric Visible Metaholograms
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Nonreciprocal-Like Chiral Second-Harmonic Generation in a Chiral 3R-MoS2 Metasurface.

Yi Zhu1, Yu-Heng Hou1, Qing Cai1

  • 1National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and Jiangsu Physical Science Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.

Nano Letters
|April 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a chiral 3R-MoS2 metasurface for nonreciprocal chiral second-harmonic generation (SHG). This breakthrough enables directional control in optical information processing using polarization-dependent logic operations.

Keywords:
chiral metasurfacesnonlinear emission of transition-metal dichalcogenidesnonlinear metasurfacesnonreciprocal second-harmonic generationtransition-metal dichalcogenide metasurfaces

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Area of Science:

  • Nonlinear Optics
  • Metamaterials
  • Chirality

Background:

  • Breaking optical reciprocity is crucial for directional information processing.
  • Chiral metasurfaces offer potential for controlling light-matter interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate nonreciprocal-like chiral second-harmonic generation (SHG) using a chiral 3R-MoS2 metasurface.
  • To explore the application of this metasurface in optical logic operations.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a chiral 3R-MoS2 metasurface supporting Mie resonances.
  • Utilizing circularly polarized (CP) light incidence to induce nonreciprocal CP absorption.
  • Characterizing the chiral second-harmonic generation circular dichroism (SHG-CD) under reversed incidence directions.

Main Results:

  • Achieved significant nonreciprocal CP absorption, leading to a high SHG-CD of 62% for one incidence direction and -71% for the reversed direction.
  • Demonstrated the metasurface's ability to perform four types of optical logic operations (AND, OR, A ANDNOT B, A ORNOT B).
  • Attributed the optical response to the intrinsic C3v symmetry of 3R-MoS2 and the metasurface's structural chirality.

Conclusions:

  • The chiral 3R-MoS2 metasurface effectively breaks reciprocity for chiral SHG.
  • This platform provides a multifunctional and polarization-dependent approach for advanced optical logic devices.