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Social Drivers of Health in Pediatric Perioperative Care

Brittany L Willer1

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Anesthesiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.

Anesthesiology
|April 14, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Social drivers of health significantly impact pediatric perioperative care, affecting surgical access and recovery. Addressing these social determinants is crucial for improving patient outcomes beyond physiological factors.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Anesthesiology
  • Health Services Research
  • Social Determinants of Health

Background:

  • Social drivers of health (SDOH) profoundly influence pediatric perioperative care, impacting access, readiness, and recovery.
  • Social and structural conditions create barriers leading to missed appointments, delayed optimization, and postoperative complications.
  • Physiological factors alone do not fully explain perioperative outcomes in children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize evidence on how SDOH affect pediatric perioperative care.
  • To outline the biological and systemic pathways linking SDOH to perioperative outcomes.
  • To propose strategies for integrating SDOH insights into clinical practice and research.

Main Methods:

  • Literature synthesis using the Gelberg-Andersen Behavioral Model for Vulnerable Populations.
  • Analysis of biologic and systemic pathways.
  • Development of clinical and research integration strategies.

Main Results:

  • SDOH significantly impact all stages of pediatric perioperative care.
  • Biologic and systemic pathways mediate the effects of SDOH on outcomes.
  • Current evidence highlights the need for tailored interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Integrating SDOH considerations is essential for equitable and effective pediatric perioperative care.
  • Further research is needed to refine interventions targeting SDOH.
  • Clinical practice must adapt to address the holistic needs of pediatric surgical patients.

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