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Related Concept Videos

Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advanced Techniques for Characterizing Tissue Mineralization in Bone Regeneration Research
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In Vitro Platforms in Bone Tissue Engineering: From Biological Foundations to Advanced Models.

Quoc-Cuong Nguyen1,2, Bayu Tri Murti3, Guo-Chung Dong2

  • 1Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan.

ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering
|April 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bone tissue engineering (BTE) has evolved over four decades, leading to advanced bone-on-a-chip (BOC) systems. These systems offer promising applications for bone regeneration, disease modeling, and drug screening, despite facing challenges in standardization and manufacturing.

Keywords:
biosensorbone tissue engineeringbone-on-a-chipin vitro testing modelsregenerative medicine

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Large bone defects pose a significant global health challenge, with current treatments like autologous grafting facing limitations.
  • Bone tissue engineering (BTE) has emerged as a promising alternative, progressing from basic scaffolds to sophisticated systems.
  • Existing in vitro models often lack the complexity of the bone microenvironment, impeding clinical translation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To trace the historical evolution of bone tissue engineering (BTE) from 1980 to the present.
  • To highlight key innovations in biomaterials, cellular strategies, signaling factors, and culture platforms within BTE.
  • To discuss the advancements and challenges of bone-on-a-chip (BOC) systems in regenerative medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Historical review of BTE advancements across four distinct phases.
  • Analysis of innovations in biomaterials, cell sourcing, signaling molecules, and culture technologies.
  • Examination of integrated approaches including multicellular cocultures, real-time biosensing, and mechanical stimulation.

Main Results:

  • BTE has progressed through foundational, expansion, refinement, and advanced regeneration phases.
  • Bone-on-a-chip (BOC) systems integrate multiple advanced features, representing a significant leap in regenerative medicine.
  • BOC platforms show potential for disease modeling, drug screening, and reducing animal testing.

Conclusions:

  • Current BOC systems offer versatile applications but face challenges in standardization, vascularization, and manufacturing.
  • Integrating biosensors with BOC and BTE platforms can enhance real-time monitoring and personalized regenerative strategies.
  • Advanced BTE platforms, particularly BOC, hold the potential to accelerate bone therapies and expand regenerative medicine's impact.