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Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Establishment of a Robust and Reproducible Model of Radiation-Induced Skin and Muscle Fibrosis
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Delayed Radiation Injuries (Soft Tissue and Bony Necrosis) and Potential for Future Research.

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    Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO₂) is a key treatment for late radiation injury (LRTI), often requiring a multidisciplinary approach. This review explores HBO₂

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    Area of Science:

    • Oncology
    • Hyperbaric Medicine
    • Radiation Oncology

    Background:

    • Late radiation injury (LRTI) is a frequent complication following cancer treatment.
    • Delayed radiation injuries are the most common reason for hyperbaric treatments in the US, accounting for 40% of billings.
    • HBO₂ is increasingly used alongside surgical interventions for complex radiation injuries.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the application of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO₂) in treating and preventing late radiation injury (LRTI).
    • To explore miscellaneous topics related to radiation exposure and HBO₂, including research areas and safety in cancer patients.
    • To analyze existing literature on HBO₂ for LRTI, including negative results and methodological critiques.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of clinical literature and billing records (CMS).
    • Analysis of the etiology and mechanisms of HBO₂ effectiveness in LRTI.
    • Evaluation of surgical techniques and multidisciplinary management strategies for radiation injuries.

    Main Results:

    • Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is a significant treatment for LRTI, often necessitating a combined approach with surgery.
    • Surgical interventions like tissue flaps and free flaps are increasingly used in radiated fields, with HBO₂ showing benefit.
    • The chapter will critically examine studies reporting negative outcomes for HBO₂ in LRTI treatment.

    Conclusions:

    • Hyperbaric oxygen is a valuable component in managing late radiation injuries, particularly when integrated into a multidisciplinary treatment plan.
    • Optimizing surgical techniques and HBO₂ protocols is crucial for successful therapeutic outcomes.
    • Further research into HBO₂'s effects on cancer growth and its role in complex radiation injuries is warranted.