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Infectious diseases in Poland in 2023.

Magdalena Rosińska1, Mirosław P Czarkowski1, Małgorzata Sadkowska-Todys1

  • 1Zakład Epidemiologii Chorób Zakaźnych i Nadzoru, Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego PZH - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy.

Przeglad Epidemiologiczny
|April 14, 2026

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Infectious disease incidence rose in Poland in 2023 due to a post-COVID-19 "immunity gap," leading to more pertussis, intestinal infections, and sexually transmitted diseases. The impact of Ukrainian refugees on disease spread was minimal.

Keywords:
2023PolandPolskachoroby zakaźneepidemiologiaepidemiologyinfectious diseasesmigranci z Ukrainymigrants from Ukrainerok 2023

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted global health, altering disease dynamics and public health responses.
  • Poland experienced an influx of refugees from Ukraine, necessitating an assessment of potential public health implications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the epidemiological situation of infectious diseases in Poland in 2023.
  • To evaluate the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic's aftermath and the refugee situation on disease patterns.

Main Methods:

  • A narrative review of published studies from Epidemiological Chronicle.
  • Analysis of data from the national infectious disease registry, Epibaza.
  • Inclusion of mortality data from the Statistics Poland Office.

Main Results:

  • COVID-19 cases and deaths decreased compared to 2022, but remained a significant cause of infectious disease mortality.
  • An "immunity gap" post-pandemic led to increased incidence of pertussis, influenza, and intestinal infections (Salmonella, Campylobacter, Yersinia, Norovirus).
  • Increases in pneumococcal disease (adults/seniors), HIV diagnoses (Polish nationals), gonorrhea, and syphilis were observed, while rotavirus and HIV among migrants decreased.

Conclusions:

  • Several infectious diseases saw increased incidence in 2023, driven by the pandemic-induced "immunity gap" and vaccination program specifics.
  • The impact of refugees from Ukraine on the overall infectious disease landscape in Poland was found to be minor.