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Related Concept Videos

The Ras Gene02:38

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The Ras-gene-encoded proteins are regulators of signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, or cell survival. The Ras-gene family in humans constitutes three primary members—the HRas, NRas, and KRas. These genes code for four functionally distinct yet closely related proteins—the HRas, NRas, KRas4A, and KRas4B. The involvement of mutant Ras genes in human cancer was first discovered in 1982 and is among the most common causes of human tumorigenesis.
Ras is a...
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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
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Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

A Genetically Engineered Mouse Model of Sporadic Colorectal Cancer
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Rethinking mucinous colorectal adenocarcinoma classification: evidence from histopathology and RAS mutations.

Dorra Wider1,2, Haifa Tounsi Guettiti3,4, Monia Ardhaoui3

  • 1Pathology Department, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia. dorra.wider@pasteur.utm.tn.

Clinical & Translational Oncology : Official Publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico
|April 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) with any mucin content (5-100%) shows aggressive features. Tumors with 5-50% mucin are as aggressive as those with >50% mucin, challenging current definitions.

Keywords:
KRAS statusColorectal cancerMucinous componentPatient management

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Mucinous adenocarcinoma (MAC) is a colorectal cancer (CRC) subtype defined by >50% mucin.
  • Evidence suggests lower mucin content tumors may also be aggressive.
  • This study evaluates clinicopathological and molecular differences and prognostic relevance of mucin thresholds in CRC.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate clinicopathological and molecular differences between mucinous and non-mucinous CRC.
  • To evaluate the prognostic relevance of the current >50% mucin threshold for MAC.
  • To compare aggressive features across different mucin content categories in CRC.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 1716 CRC cases (2017-2021).
  • Tumor classification: Non-mucinous adenocarcinoma (NMAC, 0-5% mucin), Adenocarcinoma with mucinous component 1 (ACMC1, 5-50%), and MAC (>50%).
  • RAS mutation status determined; clinical, histological, and metastatic features compared; survival analysis performed.

Main Results:

  • Tumors with any mucin (5-100%) were associated with right-sided location, signet-ring cells, synchronous peritoneal metastasis, and KRAS mutations compared to NMAC.
  • ACMC1 (5-50% mucin) demonstrated aggressive features similar to MAC, including lymphovascular invasion and distinct metastatic patterns.
  • These findings challenge the traditional >50% mucin threshold for defining aggressive MAC.

Conclusions:

  • The >50% mucin threshold for MAC may be inadequate, as tumors with 5-50% mucin show comparable aggressiveness.
  • Integrating molecular profiling with histology can improve risk stratification for mucinous CRC.
  • Tailored therapeutic strategies may be guided by mucin proportion and molecular characteristics.