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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Physical exercise and nutrition are key for brain health, cognitive function, and preventing neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a crucial molecule influenced by these lifestyle factors.
  • Middle-aged and older adults are a key demographic for interventions targeting cognitive decline.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of different exercise types (endurance, HIIT, resistance) and diets (ketogenic, intermittent fasting) on BDNF levels.
  • To explore the potential of these interventions in promoting cognitive function and neuroprotection.
  • To examine the molecular pathways involved in exercise and diet-induced BDNF changes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of animal and human studies.
  • Analysis of various exercise modalities and dietary interventions.
  • Examination of molecular pathways including PGC-1α-FNDC5-BDNF, lactate signaling, and others.

Main Results:

  • Exercise and dietary interventions can increase BDNF, supporting brain health and cognition.
  • Multiple molecular pathways are implicated, including PGC-1α-FNDC5-BDNF, β-HB, and Notch 1 signaling.
  • Study limitations and variability in protocols necessitate further research.

Conclusions:

  • Targeted exercise and nutritional strategies are promising for maintaining brain health and reducing age-related cognitive decline.
  • Understanding optimal intervention protocols and individual responses is crucial for future research.
  • These interventions offer a potential avenue for neuroprotection and cognitive enhancement.