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Impact of Different Surveillance Intervals on Recurrence and Progression in Intermediate-Risk Non-Muscle-Invasive
Araz Musaev1, Çağrı Akpınar1, Timur Kürşat Ülgen1
1Ankara University School of Medicine, Department of Urology, Division of Pediatric Urology, Ankara, Turkey.
Clinical Genitourinary Cancer
|April 14, 2026
Summary
Individualizing surveillance for intermediate-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (IR-NMIBC) is crucial. Longer follow-up intervals (6 months) may increase progression risk, especially for high-grade tumors.
Area of Science:
- Urology
- Oncology
- Cancer Surveillance
Background:
- Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) requires vigilant follow-up.
- Intermediate-risk NMIBC (IR-NMIBC) presents unique surveillance challenges.
- Current surveillance protocols for IR-NMIBC vary, necessitating outcome evaluation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess recurrence and progression in IR-NMIBC patients under different surveillance schedules.
- To determine the impact of follow-up intensity on oncologic outcomes.
- To inform optimized surveillance strategies for IR-NMIBC.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective review of 203 patients with IR-NMIBC post-transurethral resection.
- Stratification by surveillance intervals: 3, 4, or 6 months.
- Analysis of recurrence, progression, recurrence-free survival (RFS), and progression-free survival (PFS).
Main Results:
- No significant difference in recurrence or progression rates at 24 months across surveillance groups.
- No significant difference in RFS among surveillance groups.
- Progression-free survival (PFS) was significantly lower in the 6-month surveillance group (p = .02), particularly for high-grade tumors (p = .04).
Conclusions:
- Surveillance for IR-NMIBC should be individualized based on tumor grade.
- Extended surveillance intervals (6 months) may elevate progression risk in high-grade IR-NMIBC.
- Further research is needed to refine risk-adapted follow-up schedules.
