Biomass-Based adsorbents for PFAS Remediation: From functionalization to disposal

Area of Science:

• Environmental Chemistry
• Materials Science
• Green Chemistry

Background:

• Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent pollutants with significant environmental and health risks.
• Their strong carbon-fluorine bonds make them resistant to degradation.
• Bioaccumulation, toxicity, and carcinogenicity are key concerns associated with PFAS exposure.

Purpose of the Study:

• To critically review recent advancements in biomass-derived adsorbents for PFAS remediation.
• To examine strategies for enhancing adsorbent efficiency, selectivity, and reusability.
• To identify research gaps and guide the development of sustainable PFAS removal technologies.

Main Methods:

• Review of functionalization and engineering strategies for biomass-derived adsorbents.
• Analysis of PFAS adsorption mechanisms on modified biomass materials.
• Discussion of adsorbent regeneration and secondary pollution challenges.

Main Results:

• Biomass-based adsorbents present a cost-effective and sustainable alternative for PFAS removal.
• Adsorption capacities vary widely, with advanced systems reaching up to ~8,300 mg/g for model PFAS.
• Functionalization and engineering significantly enhance PFAS binding efficiency and selectivity.

Conclusions:

• Biomass-derived adsorbents show great promise for scalable and efficient PFAS remediation.
• Further research is needed to address challenges in regeneration and minimize secondary pollution.
• Development of sustainable and cost-effective PFAS removal technologies is crucial.