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Choroid plexus inflammation in bipolar disorder.

Dario Figueroa Velez1, Reza Rahimian2, Christine Hehnly1

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Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
|April 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Inflammation in bipolar disorder (BD) affects the choroid plexus (ChP), a key brain barrier. Researchers found increased inflammatory factors and decreased supportive molecules in the ChP of individuals with BD, suggesting immune dysregulation.

Keywords:
Bipolar disorderBlood-CSF barrierChoroid plexusCytokineInflammation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Inflammation is implicated in bipolar disorder (BD) pathophysiology.
  • Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction is reported in BD.
  • The blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier, primarily the choroid plexus (ChP), is underexamined in BD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate ChP function in BD.
  • Analyze cytokine protein and gene expression in postmortem ChP tissue from BD patients and controls.

Main Methods:

  • Multiplex array for cytokine protein abundance measurement.
  • Bulk RNA sequencing for gene expression analysis.
  • Analysis of postmortem ChP tissue from individuals with BD and unaffected controls.

Main Results:

  • Elevated CCL2 and SPP1 in BD ChP, linked to immune cell recruitment.
  • Reduced levels of trophic and immune-signaling cytokines (e.g., OSM, IGF-1, BDNF).
  • Upregulated genes in BD ChP associated with oxidative stress and immune regulation; downregulated NELL2.
  • Gene set enrichment revealed activated inflammatory and stress pathways, and reduced junction-related gene programs.

Conclusions:

  • The ChP shows altered function in BD, with increased pro-inflammatory signaling and reduced trophic/barrier support.
  • ChP is an active site of immune dysregulation in BD.
  • Findings support the role of brain barrier dysfunction in mood disorder pathology.