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Microstructural biomechanics underpin Cambrian phosphatic brachiopod diversification.

Jorge Esteve1, Alejandro González-Cloquells1, Antonio Arriola1

  • 1Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.

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Early brachiopods like Iberotreta and Genetreta show distinct shell microstructures. These differences influenced their biomechanics and ecological roles in Cambrian seas, highlighting the importance of skeletal architecture.

Keywords:
3D modelCambrian radiationbiomechanicsbiomineralizationbrachiopods

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Area of Science:

  • Paleontology
  • Biomineralization
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Early Cambrian phosphatic brachiopods possessed a unique stacked columnar shell microstructure.
  • Understanding the variation in this microstructure is key to deciphering early skeletal evolution and function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the microstructure and biomechanics of two early phosphatic brachiopod taxa: Iberotreta sampelayoi and Genetreta trilix.
  • To analyze differences in microcolumn geometry and their impact on shell properties and functional strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative analysis of microcolumn geometry using scanning electron microscopy.
  • Statistical comparisons of dimensional data between species.
  • Allometric analyses to assess growth patterns.
  • Biomechanical modeling to evaluate stress resistance and stiffness.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in microcolumn size, density, and geometric regulation were found between Iberotreta and Genetreta.
  • Iberotreta exhibits tightly coordinated growth, while Genetreta shows less constrained growth, suggesting different environmental sensitivities.
  • Genetreta's shell withstands higher stresses, whereas Iberotreta's shell is lighter and more energetically efficient.
  • A functional link between shell microstructure and biomechanical performance is supported by comparisons with extant brachiopods.

Conclusions:

  • Variation in microcolumn architecture, size, and allometry was a significant adaptive factor in early phosphatic brachiopods.
  • Micrometre-scale skeletal design played a crucial role in the ecological diversity of Cambrian benthic communities.
  • This study provides insights into the functional evolution of early biomineralized skeletons.