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Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial Function: A Technical Guideline of the Flow-mediated Dilation Test

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Published on: April 27, 2016

A cut-off value for endothelial dysfunction based on the triglyceride-glucose index.

Takayuki Yamaji^1,2, Farina Mohamad Yusoff², Shinji Kishimoto²

¹Center for Radiation Disaster Medical Science, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.

Scientific Reports

|April 14, 2026

Summary

The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, combined with fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels, can predict endothelial dysfunction. Even a low TyG index with elevated FBG (≥95 mg/dL) indicates increased risk.

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Area of Science:

Metabolic Syndrome Research
Cardiovascular Health
Biomarker Discovery

Background:

Endothelial dysfunction is an early indicator of cardiovascular disease.
The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a marker of insulin resistance.
Fasting blood glucose (FBG) is a key indicator of glucose metabolism.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between the TyG index, FBG levels, and endothelial dysfunction.
To identify specific TyG index and FBG level combinations that pose a higher risk for endothelial dysfunction.

Main Methods:

Categorized subjects into nine groups based on TyG index (low <8.52, high ≥8.52) and FBG levels (<90, 90-94, 95-99, 100-125 mg/dL, and diabetes mellitus).
Calculated odds ratios for endothelial dysfunction across the defined groups.
Utilized statistical analysis to determine significant associations.

Main Results:

Higher odds ratios for endothelial dysfunction were observed in groups with a high TyG index and any FBG level.
Increased risk was also noted in groups with a low TyG index but elevated FBG levels (95-99 mg/dL and 100-125 mg/dL), and in the diabetes mellitus group, compared to the reference group (FBG <90 mg/dL, low TyG index).
Even with a low TyG index, FBG levels ≥95 mg/dL were associated with a higher risk of endothelial dysfunction.

Conclusions:

The combination of TyG index and FBG levels is a valuable tool for assessing endothelial dysfunction risk.
Individuals with a low TyG index but FBG levels of 95 mg/dL or higher should be considered at increased risk.
This stratification aids in identifying individuals who may benefit from early intervention to prevent cardiovascular complications.