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Endocrine studies in anencephaly.

A Hayek, S G Driscoll, J B Warshaw

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    |July 1, 1973
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Anencephalic neonates show deficient hypothalamic-pituitary function but can release growth hormone and thyrotropin when directly stimulated. Prolactin levels were normal, suggesting autonomous pituitary function in some cases.

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    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Neonatal Physiology
    • Neuroscience

    Background:

    • Anencephaly is characterized by the absence of cortical and hypothalamic tissue and pituitary hypoplasia.
    • Understanding the endocrine function in anencephaly is crucial for assessing pituitary and hypothalamic roles.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the endocrine function in anencephalic neonates.
    • To determine the influence of absent cortical and hypothalamic tissue on pituitary function.
    • To assess the pituitary's capacity for hormone release in the absence of hypothalamic control.

    Main Methods:

    • Studied endocrine function in four anencephalic neonates.
    • Administered intravenous glucose and insulin tolerance tests.
    • Stimulated growth hormone release with lysine-vasopressin.
    • Measured serum thyrotropin and prolactin levels after stimulation with releasing hormones.

    Main Results:

    • Anencephalic neonates exhibited higher peak blood sugar and faster glucose disposal rates.
    • Insulin tolerance tests did not elevate plasma growth hormone and showed insulin resistance.
    • Lysine-vasopressin and thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulated growth hormone and thyrotropin release, respectively.
    • Basal thyrotropin and growth hormone levels were low, but prolactin levels were normal.

    Conclusions:

    • Anterior pituitary function mediated by the hypothalamus is deficient in anencephaly.
    • The anterior pituitary can release growth hormone and thyrotropin upon direct stimulation.
    • Thyrotropin release may function autonomously, independent of hypothalamic control.
    • Normal prolactin levels suggest the absence of hypothalamic prolactin inhibitory factor.