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Atomic-Scale Degradation Mechanisms during Nanoparticle Exsolution in Thin Films.

Yaolong Xing1,2, Hyojin Yoon3,4, Haeseong Jeong3,4

  • 1Institute for Energy Materials and Devices, Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH), Naju 58330, Republic of Korea.

ACS Nano
|April 15, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nanoparticle exsolution in perovskite oxides is visualized at the atomic scale. This study reveals degradation mechanisms, including lattice restructuring and material sublimation, crucial for designing stable catalytic and energy materials.

Keywords:
exsolutionnanoparticlesphase transformationsthin filmstransmission electron microscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Exsolution enables nanoparticle formation in host matrices for catalysis and energy applications.
  • Understanding long-term degradation during exsolution is critical but poorly understood at the atomic level.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To visualize and elucidate the atomic-scale transformation and degradation processes during prolonged nanoparticle exsolution.
  • To investigate the dynamic nature of exsolution in nonstoichiometric perovskite thin films.

Main Methods:

  • In situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was employed to observe real-time exsolution processes.
  • Analysis focused on nonstoichiometric La0.2Sr0.7Ni0.1Ti0.9O3-δ thin films under reducing conditions.

Main Results:

  • Observed a two-step crystallization for Ni nanoparticle exsolution via surface segregation.
  • Documented annihilation of antiphase boundaries and transition to a stoichiometric state.
  • Identified surface pit formation, Ni/Sr sublimation, and secondary La2TiO5 phase formation at later stages.

Conclusions:

  • Exsolution involves sequential transformations and degradation intimately linked to nanoparticle stability.
  • Mechanistic insights into exsolution dynamics are provided.
  • Guiding principles for designing stable catalytic and energy materials are established.