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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Clinical Assessment of Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters in Patients and Older Adults
08:56

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Body anthropometry affects spatiotemporal preferences in walking and running.

Wannes Swinnen1,2, Wouter Hoogkamer3, Friedl De Groote1

  • 1Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.

The Journal of Experimental Biology
|April 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Individual body characteristics like mass and foot length influence walking and running gait parameters. Heavier individuals and those with longer feet have longer stance times, affecting locomotion strategies to minimize energy cost.

Keywords:
Body massDynamic similarityGround contact timeLocomotionShoe massStride frequency

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Human locomotion
  • Gait analysis

Background:

  • Human walking and running gaits show individual spatiotemporal variations.
  • The causes of this variability are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if body mass, relative segment lengths, and relative segment masses contribute to gait variability.
  • To determine the influence of these factors beyond the Froude number.

Main Methods:

  • Collected anthropometric and spatiotemporal data from 103 trained runners during walking and running on a force-measuring treadmill.
  • Utilized linear mixed-effects models to analyze the contribution of anthropometric factors to gait differences.

Main Results:

  • Froude number explained a significant portion of spatiotemporal variation.
  • Anthropometric factors improved model performance, especially for variables with lower Froude dependence.
  • Heavier individuals and those with larger relative foot lengths had longer stance times and higher duty factors.
  • Greater relative foot-shoe mass decreased stride frequency by lengthening leg swing time.

Conclusions:

  • Individual anthropometry influences gait spatiotemporal parameters, particularly stance and swing phases.
  • These variations suggest adaptive strategies to optimize metabolic cost during locomotion.
  • Understanding these factors can inform personalized gait training and analysis.