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LGBTQ+ Inclusivity in Neurosurgery: Exploring Physicians' Knowledge, Experience, and Competence.

Emmy Duerr¹, Emmanuel O Mensah², Sanjeev Herr³

¹School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

Neurosurgery Practice

|April 15, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Neurosurgeons show limited knowledge and comfort in caring for LGBTQ+ patients, especially transgender individuals. Enhanced training and clinical experience are crucial for improving neurosurgical care for the LGBTQ+ community.

Keywords:

Healthcare providers LGBTQ health Neurosurgery Sexual and gender minorities

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Area of Science:

Neurosurgery
Medical Education
Health Equity

Background:

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) individuals experience delayed and disparate medical care.
Affirming and informed neurosurgical care is essential for improving LGBTQ+ patient outcomes.
Growing visibility of the LGBTQ+ community necessitates better-prepared neurosurgeons.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess neurosurgeons' (residents and attendings) comfort and knowledge in providing care to LGBTQ+ patients.
To identify factors influencing neurosurgeons' competence in LGBTQ+ care.
To evaluate the impact of training and clinical experience on LGBTQ+ patient care.

Main Methods:

A survey was administered across 9 US academic neurosurgery centers.
The survey assessed training, preparation, knowledge, clinical practice experience, and comfort/competence in LGBTQ+ care using a 5-point Likert scale.
Linear regression and mediation analysis were employed to examine relationships between variables.

Main Results:

Eighty-seven neurosurgeons completed the survey; increased training/knowledge correlated with higher comfort (0.31-point increase per 1-point increase, P < .01).
Attendings reported less comfort than residents regarding LGBTQ+ care specifics.
Clinical experience mediated the relationship between training/knowledge and perceived competence; care for transgender individuals was rated lower than for LGB individuals.

Conclusions:

Neurosurgical providers exhibit limited knowledge and comfort in LGBTQ+ care, particularly for transgender patients.
Neurosurgeon training and clinical experience positively impact comfort and competence in LGBTQ+ care.
Enhanced neurosurgical training programs are vital for creating an inclusive and equitable healthcare environment for LGBTQ+ individuals.