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Aging01:26

Aging

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
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Chemical factors such as changing CO2, O2, and H+ levels in arterial blood play a critical role in influencing respiration depth and rates. These variations are detected by chemoreceptors—specialized sensors located in two primary body areas. Central chemoreceptors are found throughout the brain stem, including the ventrolateral medulla, while peripheral chemoreceptors are located in the aortic arch and carotid arteries.
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Biological factors significantly impact drug metabolism, influencing drug clearance, efficacy, and potential toxicity.
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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Bioavailability refers to the extent and rate at which a drug reaches systemic circulation in its active form. Extent refers to the amount of the drug that makes it into circulation, while rate is the speed at which it enters circulation. It is influenced by several factors critical for optimizing drug formulations, dosing regimens, and therapeutic outcomes.Physicochemical properties of drugs and formulationsThe solubility, stability, and dissolution rate of a drug significantly impact its...
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Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Vinyl Chloride and High-Fat Diet as a Model of Environment and Obesity Interaction
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Dietary Factors Drive Volatile Organic Compound Exposure and Modulate Its Impact on Multi-Dimensional Biological

Weitao Su1, Yaoyu Hu2,3, Jindong Zhao4,5

  • 1Central Laboratory The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University Quanzhou Fujian China.

Food Science & Nutrition
|April 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Dietary factors significantly influence volatile organic compound metabolite (VOCM) levels, which are linked to increased biological age (BA). Healthier diets may offer protection against VOCM-associated aging markers.

Keywords:
biological agingdietary modificationexposure inequalityvolatile organic compounds

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Nutritional Science
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Volatile organic compound (VOC) exposure is widespread and associated with aging.
  • The impact of diet on urinary VOC metabolites (VOCMs) and multi-dimensional biological age (BA) indicators remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate dietary drivers of urinary VOCM concentrations.
  • Examine the association between VOCMs and multi-dimensional BA indicators.
  • Determine if dietary patterns modify the VOCM-BA relationship.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 4,976 U.S. adults (2011-2020).
  • Measurement of 16 urinary VOC metabolites (VOCMs).
  • Assessment of four BA indicators: Klemera-Doubal BA/phenotypic age acceleration (KDMAgeAccel/PhenoAgeAccel), allostatic load (AL), and homeostatic dysregulation (HD).
  • Application of survey-weighted regression models, including interaction analysis with dietary patterns.

Main Results:

  • Dietary factors, including patterns, food groups, and nutrients, influenced VOCM concentrations.
  • A mixture of VOCMs was positively associated with BA indicators, notably KDMAgeAccel.
  • Specific VOCMs like 4HBeMA and DHBMA showed significant positive associations with KDMAgeAccel, AL, and PhenoAgeAccel.
  • KDMAgeAccel was the most sensitive BA indicator, linked to eight VOCMs.

Conclusions:

  • Urinary VOCM exposure is linked to multi-dimensional biological age, with KDMAgeAccel as a sensitive biomarker.
  • Dietary patterns significantly drive VOC exposure disparities.
  • Healthier dietary patterns demonstrate protective effects against VOCM-related biological age acceleration, indicating potential for public health interventions.