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Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Surgical Correction for Pediatric Epiblepharon and Trichiasis
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AI in pediatric surgery: a narrative review.

Maria Ruffoli1, Benedetta Cavaliere1, Luca Giacomello1

  • 1Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.

Translational Pediatrics
|April 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Artificial intelligence (AI) enhances pediatric surgery diagnostics, planning, and care. Challenges include data scarcity and ethical concerns, but AI-human collaboration promises improved patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Technology
  • Surgical Innovation
  • Pediatric Healthcare

Background:

  • Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly impacting medical fields, including pediatric surgery.
  • Current applications and challenges of AI in pediatric surgery require comprehensive understanding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current AI applications in pediatric surgery.
  • To evaluate AI's impact on clinical care, surgical training, and patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • A narrative literature review was conducted in January 2025.
  • Searched PubMed and Web of Science for "artificial intelligence" and "pediatric surgery" (2015-2025).
  • Analyzed 46 selected English-language articles, excluding adult or unrelated studies.
Keywords:
Artificial intelligence (AI)pediatric surgerypediatrics

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Main Results:

  • AI improves diagnostic accuracy for appendicitis, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), Hirschsprung's disease (HD), and biliary atresia.
  • AI aids surgical planning (3D modeling), intraoperative guidance, skill assessment, and postoperative care (complication prediction, pain evaluation).
  • AI tools support caregiver education and emotional support, but face challenges like pediatric data scarcity and ethical concerns.

Conclusions:

  • AI shows significant potential to enhance accuracy, efficiency, and personalization in pediatric surgical care.
  • Future research must focus on pediatric data generation, clinical validation, and ethical frameworks.
  • AI-human collaboration is poised to reshape pediatric surgery and improve patient care and policy.