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Beyond metabolism: nutrition, sleep, and psychological wellbeing in children with insulin resistance-a case-control

Evla Demircioğlu1, Merve Pehlivan2

  • 1Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Türkiye.

Frontiers in Nutrition
|April 15, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Children with insulin resistance exhibit poorer nutritional status, higher body weight, and increased energy intake compared to healthy peers. These children also experience worse sleep quality and higher depression levels, necessitating focused monitoring and intervention.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Child Psychology

Background:

  • Insulin resistance in children is a growing concern with potential long-term health implications.
  • Nutritional status, sleep patterns, and mental well-being are interconnected factors influencing overall child health.
  • Understanding these relationships is crucial for developing effective management strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the nutritional status, sleep quality, and depression levels of children aged 10-18 with insulin resistance against their healthy counterparts.
  • To identify specific nutritional, sleep, and psychological differences associated with pediatric insulin resistance.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study involving 60 children (30 with insulin resistance, 30 healthy controls).
  • Data collection included demographic information, dietary habits, physical activity, biochemical markers, and dietary intake records.
  • Standardized questionnaires: Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Children's Depression Inventory (CDI).

Main Results:

  • Children with insulin resistance had significantly higher body weight, BMI, waist circumference, body fat percentage, and BMI z-scores.
  • Higher intake of energy, carbohydrates, protein, fats, saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and cholesterol was observed in the insulin-resistant group.
  • The insulin-resistant group showed significantly lower Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED) scores and higher Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) scores.

Conclusions:

  • Children diagnosed with insulin resistance present with adverse nutritional profiles and increased adiposity.
  • Impaired sleep quality and elevated depression levels are significantly associated with insulin resistance in this pediatric population.
  • Comprehensive management of pediatric insulin resistance must include careful attention to nutritional status, sleep quality, and mental health.
Abstract

Keywords:
Childrendepressioninsulin resistancenutritional statussleep quality

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