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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 16, 2026

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Workplace Wellness Programs for Employees at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review.

Mary Louise Pomeroy1, Carolyn Faith Hoffman2, Sravya Vunnam3

  • 1Center for Equity in Aging, School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.

American Journal of Health Promotion : AJHP
|April 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Workplace wellness programs (WWP) show mixed results for reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in employees. While some studies found improvements, particularly in systolic blood pressure, overall evidence remains inconclusive.

Keywords:
cardiometabolicdiabeteshealth promotionheart diseaseinterventionsmedical self-carewellnessworkworkplaceworksite

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Cardiovascular Disease Prevention
  • Health Promotion

Background:

  • Employer-sponsored workplace wellness programs (WWP) are increasingly implemented to mitigate cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors.
  • Evidence regarding the efficacy of WWP in reducing CVD risk among at-risk employees requires systematic evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and synthesize the existing literature on the effectiveness of WWP in reducing CVD risk factors.
  • To focus on studies involving employees at risk for CVD and utilizing objective biometric measures.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases (PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ABI/INFORM, Web of Science) for articles published between 2000-2024.
  • Included were original, peer-reviewed quantitative studies comparing WWP to control groups in at-risk adult employees.
  • Data extraction focused on program details, participant characteristics, and CVD-related outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Eighteen studies, including 7 randomized controlled trials, met the inclusion criteria.
  • Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were the most frequently assessed outcomes.
  • While most studies reported non-statistically significant findings, nearly half indicated significant improvements in systolic blood pressure.

Conclusions:

  • The evidence for the effectiveness of WWP in improving CVD risk factors is mixed.
  • Targeting at-risk employees and using objective biometric data offers a more focused approach to assessing WWP efficacy.
  • Future research should prioritize longer interventions and randomized designs to enhance study rigor and interpretability.