Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression

Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression

Published on: May 19, 2015

Nonsuicidal Self-Injury and Its Association With Suicidal Ideation and Negative Affect: A 12-Month Ecological

Adrián Alacreu-Crespo¹, Ana Maria de Granda-Beltrán², Elena Abances-Utrilla¹

¹Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.

The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry

|April 15, 2026

Abstract:

Objective: The desire to self-harm (DSH) is a key predictor of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), which is also linked to negative affect, suicidal ideation (SI), and interpersonal difficulties. However, studies on these relationships are scarce and often limited by short follow-up periods. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between DSH and NSSI during a 12-month follow-up and to test whether SI, negative affect, and negative interpersonal experiences are risk factors for NSSI.

Abstract:

Methods: Adult outpatients were recruited in hospitals in Spain for presenting SI and/or a suicide attempt. The variables were registered by ecological momentary assessment (EMA) through a mobile application during a 12-month follow-up. Mixed models were used to test the association between variables.

Abstract:

Results: A total of 106 patients were analyzed. We found a statistically significant positive relationship between mean DSH and the occurrence of NSSI episodes (OR=1.026, 95% CI=1.005-1.046). Furthermore, higher negative affect (P=.009) and negative interpersonal experience (P<.001) were related with NSSI but showed a negative slope. Thus, NSSI patients had higher negative affect and negative interpersonal experience that decreased across the follow-up. With regard to specific emotions, restlessness, sadness, and hopelessness behaved similarly to the general variable of negative affect. By contrast, passive SI and anxiety showed a positive slope across the follow-up. Finally, intraindividual variability of SI was positively related with intraindividual mean of DSH (P<.001).

Abstract:

Conclusion: These results highlight the relevance of DSH in understanding NSSI. They also show the variation in the levels of SI, negative affect, and negative interpersonal experiences and their associations with NSSI. Future research should explore how to translate EMA-based monitoring into actionable suicide prevention programs implemented in routine care.

More Related Videos

Individualized rTMS Treatment for Depression using an fMRI-Based Targeting Method

Individualized rTMS Treatment for Depression using an fMRI-Based Targeting Method

Published on: August 2, 2021

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Connection Between Sleep Disorders and Cognitive Symptoms in Depression

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Connection Between Sleep Disorders and Cognitive Symptoms in Depression

Published on: April 26, 2024

Related Concept Videos

Self-Discrepancy and Its Effects

Self-Discrepancy and Its Effects

Self-discrepancy theory explains how people compare their actual self to their ideal and ought selves and how mismatches between these self-guides can lead to emotional distress. Developed by E. Tory Higgins, the theory distinguishes among three components of self-concept: the actual self, the ideal self, and the ought self. These refer respectively to how individuals perceive themselves, how they aspire to be, and how they believe they are obligated to be. Emotional well-being, self-esteem,...

Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model

Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model

The Self-Evaluation Maintenance (SEM) model offers a psychological framework to understand how individuals’ self-esteem is influenced by the achievements of others, particularly those with whom they share close personal bonds. The SEM model operates when personal rather than social identity guides individuals. Central to this model is the notion that individuals have an inherent desire to preserve a favorable self-image, which is continuously shaped by interpersonal comparisons and...

Benefits of Self-Esteem

Benefits of Self-Esteem

Self-esteem—an individual's overall evaluation of their worth—plays a complex role in psychological functioning and well-being. It is often associated with many positive traits, such as confidence, optimism, and perseverance. Individuals with high self-esteem typically experience better sleep, manage peer pressure more effectively, and report greater life satisfaction. Conversely, low self-esteem has been consistently linked with increased risks of depression, anxiety, and poor...

Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping

Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping

People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about...

Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia indicate a reduction or absence of typical behaviors and emotional responses found in healthy individuals, while positive symptoms reflect an excess or distortion of normal functioning.
Negative Symptoms
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia manifest as deficits in normal emotional and behavioral functioning, profoundly impacting daily life. Individuals with schizophrenia often display a flat affect, characterized by a near-total absence of emotional expression,...

Self-Serving Bias

Self-Serving Bias

Self-serving bias is a cognitive phenomenon in which individuals attribute positive outcomes to internal factors such as their abilities, intelligence, or effort while attributing negative outcomes to external circumstances. This cognitive distortion helps maintain self-esteem but can also impede objective self-assessment.Theoretical Explanations of Self-Serving BiasTwo primary theories explain the self-serving bias: the cognitive explanation and the motivational explanation.The cognitive...

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Interpretable Topic Modeling of Spontaneous Speech in Depression Using Large Language Models: Multilingual Four-Cohort Study.

JMIR mental health·2026

Intranasal Esketamine Versus Other Pharmacological Strategies in Treatment-Resistant Depression with High Suicide Risk: A Six-Month Naturalistic Study.

Clinics and practice·2026

Evaluation of an e-health integrated intervention for pregnant women with co-occurring mental health and substance use symptoms: an exploratory randomized clinical trial.

BMC pregnancy and childbirth·2026

Effects of Pharmacological and Psychological Treatments on Depressive Symptoms in Body Dysmorphic Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Current psychiatry reports·2026

Designing interventions guided by digital phenotype and pharmacogenetics in Spain for suicidal behaviour based on retrospective data: the multicentre SMARTomicS study protocol.

BMJ open·2026

Correction: Full-day sleep pattern analysis in common mental disorders: Leveraging highly discrepant recordings from two consumer tracking devices.

PloS one·2026

See all related articles