[Relationship between kidney-related brain dysfunction and neuropathological changes in Parkinson's disease]

Area of Science:

• Nephrology
• Neurology
• Neuroscience

Background:

• Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder.
• The role of renal function in PD pathogenesis is increasingly recognized.
• Understanding the kidney-brain axis is crucial for PD management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate renal dysfunction biomarkers as prognostic indicators for PD progression.
• To explore pathophysiological links between renal and brain dysfunction in PD.
• To assess the predictive value of renal markers for motor and non-motor PD symptoms.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of research papers published since 2020.
• Inclusion of studies from major scientific databases (Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, eLibrary).

Main Results:

• Decreased renal function (eGFR, cystatin C) correlates with cognitive impairment and PD severity.
• Uremic toxins, inflammation, and oxidative stress mediate alpha-synuclein neurodegeneration.
• Kidneys play a role in alpha-synuclein clearance; renal failure may exacerbate its accumulation.

Conclusions:

• Renal dysfunction biomarkers (eGFR, cystatin C) show prognostic potential for PD, especially cognitive decline.
• The kidney-brain axis, involving uremic toxins, inflammation, oxidative stress, and alpha-synuclein, is a key area for research.
• Further investigation may lead to novel therapeutic strategies for PD.