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Angle-multiplexed metasurface-grating for ultra-compact spectrometers.

Mohamed A Mousa, Nadia H Rafat, Amr A E Saleh

    Optics Letters
    |April 15, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary

    We developed a compact optical spectrometer using guided-mode resonances (GMR) for spectral encoding. This technology enables precise chemical sensing and bacterial identification for applications like smartphone spectroscopy.

    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Optical Engineering
    • Nanotechnology
    • Spectroscopy

    Background:

    • Miniaturizing optical spectrometers is limited by the spectral resolution and optical path length trade-off.
    • Existing technologies face challenges in achieving high resolution in compact form factors.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present an ultra-compact spectrometer architecture using angular dispersion of guided-mode resonances (GMR).
    • To demonstrate a deterministic spectral encoding method for enhanced sensing capabilities.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized angular dispersion of guided-mode resonances (GMR) for spectral encoding.
    • Designed a symmetric multi-layer architecture with a low-index metasurface-grating and high-index guiding layers.
    • Exploited phase-matching at oblique incidence for linear tuning of resonant wavelength.

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    Main Results:

    • Achieved high-Q resonances (Q>10^3) in the 550-1700 nm range.
    • Theoretically demonstrated a sensitivity of 23.1 nm/° with a resolution of 0.75 nm (≈12 cm⁻¹).
    • Enabled Raman fingerprinting of bacterial isolates with strain-level differentiation.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed compact solid-state spectrometer offers a significant advancement for chemical sensing.
    • Potential applications include consumer-grade devices, lab-on-chip diagnostics, and smartphone spectroscopy.
    • The architecture overcomes miniaturization constraints by leveraging GMR and angular dispersion.