Femtosecond laser direct writing of the non-coupled dual-responsive biomimetic compound eyes

Micro-lens arrays (MLAs) hold strong promise for modern optical systems. However, conventional tunable MLAs are constrained by their response mechanisms, typically providing only a single mode or coupled multi-parameter tuning. Here, a dual-responsive, decoupled tunable compound-eye (CEs) device is fabricated based on BSA-PEGDA using femtosecond laser processing. In different stimulus-responsive solutions, the device independently adjusts the field of view (24° to 36°) and focal length (20-70 µm). The CEs array shows good reversibility and stability over multiple cycles, enabling independent optimization of imaging aperture and magnification in practice without mutual interference. These results offer new insights for designing multi-responsive optical devices with decoupled control. The proposed structure shows potential in microscale imaging, motion monitoring, and biomedical sensing.