Corticosteroid Initiation Before Antimicrobials Does Not Increase the Risk of Adverse Outcomes Among Individuals...

To investigate the safety of corticosteroid escalation before antimicrobial treatment among inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) flares associated with an enteric infection.

Corticosteroids are often necessary to treat individuals with IBD; however, there is concern that immunosuppression in the setting of a gastrointestinal infection may worsen outcomes.

We conducted a retrospective study of adults (18 y or older) hospitalized for an IBD flare (2015 to 2023) who received both systemic corticosteroids and antimicrobials for a gastrointestinal infection. The primary outcome was a composite of in-hospital death, IBD-related surgery, need for intensive care unit, toxic megacolon, or acute kidney injury, stratified by timing of corticosteroid escalation (before vs. after antimicrobial initiation). Outcomes at 90 days were also collected in a secondary analysis.

Overall, 76 individuals were included; 48 (63.2%) had ulcerative colitis. The most common infection was Clostridioides difficile (n=50; 65.8%), and the majority of patients (n=51, 67.1%) received corticosteroid initiation (or escalation) before antimicrobials. There was no significant difference in the development of the primary (9.8% vs. 8.0%, P=1.00) or secondary (29.4% vs. 32.0%, P=0.82) outcome based on corticosteroid initiation before versus after antimicrobial initiation. Among patients with C. difficile, similar results were seen.

Among patients hospitalized with an IBD flare complicated by enteric infection, initiation or escalation of corticosteroids before antimicrobial therapy did not increase the risk of in-hospital or 90-day adverse events. This study supports the notion that corticosteroids can be safely utilized while awaiting the results of the gastrointestinal infectious testing.