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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Hematology
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Sex hormone therapy encompasses various treatments, including hormone replacement, contraception, and gender-affirming care.
  • Thrombosis is a known complication across diverse applications of sex hormone therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of sex hormones on hemostasis and vasculature.
  • To summarize evidence regarding thrombotic risk associated with sex hormone therapy.
  • To provide guidance on preventing and managing hormone-associated venous thromboembolism and perioperative care.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current evidence on sex hormones and thrombosis.
  • Analysis of factors influencing thrombotic risk, such as hormone formulation and patient history.
  • Synthesis of practical recommendations for clinical management.

Main Results:

  • Sex hormone therapy is linked to an increased risk of thrombosis.
  • Factors like hormone formulation, thrombophilia, prior thrombosis, and clinical status modify this risk.
  • Evidence supports specific strategies for prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the interplay between sex hormones and thrombosis is crucial for patient safety.
  • Personalized risk assessment and management are essential for individuals undergoing sex hormone therapy.
  • Clinical guidance is provided for optimizing care and minimizing thrombotic complications.