Effectiveness of interventions to increase vaccine uptake: component network meta-analysis

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Health Services Research
• Vaccinology

Background:

• Vaccine uptake is crucial for community immunity and disease prevention.
• Interventions aim to increase demand for and access to vaccinations.
• Effectiveness can vary by population and context, especially concerning the COVID-19 pandemic.

Purpose of the Study:

• To identify effective components of interventions designed to increase vaccine uptake.
• To explore how intervention effectiveness varies across different population groups.
• To examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on intervention effectiveness.

Main Methods:

• A component network meta-analysis was conducted.
• Systematic review of randomized controlled trials in high and upper-middle-income countries.
• Included 237 studies with over 4.3 million participants, analyzing intervention content and delivery features.

Main Results:

• For children, payments for costs and decision aids showed beneficial effects.
• For adolescents and young adults, community-led delivery and social factors were effective; decision aids were not.
• For adults, human interaction, extended opportunities, scheduling help, cost payments, and motivational interviewing were beneficial.

Conclusions:

• Effective intervention components for increasing vaccine uptake include extended opportunities, scheduling help, financial incentives, cost payments, and motivational interviewing.
• Delivery components like human interaction and community-led healthcare professional collaboration are key.
• Intervention effectiveness is context-dependent, varying by age, population subgroup, and the pandemic's influence, necessitating tailored approaches.