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Related Concept Videos

Nervous Tissue: Myelin01:25

Nervous Tissue: Myelin

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The myelin sheath is a multilayered lipid and protein covering that insulates the axon of a neuron, enhancing the speed of nerve impulse conduction. Axons without this sheath are referred to as unmyelinated. Two types of neuroglia, Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) are responsible for producing myelin sheaths.
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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 17, 2026

Positron Emission Tomography Imaging for In Vivo Measuring of Myelin Content in the Lysolecithin Rat Model of Multiple Sclerosis
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Imaging myelin content changes: A bridge between tissue and clinics.

R Galbusera1, C Stadelmann2, C Granziera3

  • 1Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.

Revue Neurologique
|April 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Quantitative MRI offers reliable myelin measurement for remyelinating therapies in diseases like multiple sclerosis. This review details MRI contrasts and histological methods for assessing therapeutic efficacy.

Keywords:
HistologyMultiple sclerosisMyelinPostmortem imagingQuantitative MRI

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Histopathology
  • Therapeutic Development

Background:

  • Remyelinating therapies are crucial for treating neurological disorders like multiple sclerosis.
  • Accurate myelin content measurement is vital for evaluating treatment effectiveness.
  • Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become a key tool for myelin assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review quantitative MRI contrasts sensitive to myelin changes.
  • To explain the mechanisms underlying MRI-based myelin estimation.
  • To outline histological myelin quantification methods, including limitations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of quantitative MRI techniques for myelin quantification.
  • Summary of postmortem validation studies comparing MRI and histology.
  • Description of histological staining and imaging techniques for myelin.

Main Results:

  • Several quantitative MRI contrasts are sensitive to myelin variations.
  • MRI-based myelin estimates are validated against histological standards.
  • Histological methods provide a reference standard but have limitations.

Conclusions:

  • Quantitative MRI is a valuable tool for assessing remyelinating therapies.
  • Understanding MRI contrast mechanisms is essential for accurate myelin quantification.
  • Awareness of histological method limitations is crucial for reliable validation.