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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within...
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Antibiotic resistance in bacteria arises when microorganisms evolve the ability to withstand drugs designed to kill them or inhibit their growth, rendering once-effective treatments useless. This phenomenon, driven by genetic change and selection under antibiotic exposure, poses a profound threat to modern medicine. Mechanisms include drug-inactivating enzymes (e.g., β-lactamases), efflux pumps that eject antibiotics, mutations altering antibiotic targets, decreased drug uptake, and...
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Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive coccus that resides harmlessly on the skin and mucous membranes of healthy individuals. When the skin barrier is breached, it can shift from a commensal to an opportunistic pathogen. This transition is facilitated by surface adhesins, such as clumping factor B and S. aureus surface protein G (SasG), which bind to structural proteins, including loricrin and cytokeratin, in the damaged epidermis. Protein A, another key factor, binds the Fc region of...
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Experimental Endocarditis Model of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA in Rat
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Panton-Valentine Leukocidin-Encoding Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, the Netherlands, 2023-20241.

Patrick van Schelven, Roel Nijhuis, Casper Jamin

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    A community outbreak of Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) occurred in the Netherlands. Genomic surveillance helped identify the massage center source and distinguish this specific MRSA strain.

    Keywords:
    MRSAantimicrobial resistancebacteriadisease outbreakmethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureuspublic healththe Netherlands

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    Area of Science:

    • Infectious Diseases
    • Microbiology
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) poses a significant public health threat.
    • Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) is a toxin produced by some MRSA strains, associated with severe skin and soft tissue infections.
    • Community outbreaks of PVL-positive MRSA require effective surveillance and control strategies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To report on a community outbreak of PVL-positive MRSA in the Netherlands.
    • To identify the source and transmission dynamics of the outbreak.
    • To emphasize the role of genomic surveillance in characterizing MRSA strains.

    Main Methods:

    • Descriptive epidemiological investigation of a community outbreak.
    • Microbiological and genomic analysis of Staphylococcus aureus isolates.
    • Case-finding and clinical data collection from affected individuals.

    Main Results:

    • A community outbreak of PVL-positive MRSA was identified between November 2023 and June 2024.
    • A massage center was identified as the likely source of transmission.
    • Affected individuals presented with skin infections and abscesses.

    Conclusions:

    • PVL-positive MRSA can cause community outbreaks with distinct clinical presentations.
    • Genomic surveillance is crucial for accurately identifying and differentiating PVL-positive MRSA strains.
    • Prompt identification of outbreak sources, like the massage center, is vital for infection control.