Assessment, diagnosis and management of syphilis: considerations for nurses

Syphilis is a preventable and curable sexually transmitted infection that remains a significant public health challenge despite the availability of effective antibiotic treatment. Following a decline in the late 20th century, syphilis has re-emerged globally, with rising rates across diverse populations and a particularly concerning increase in congenital infection. The varied and often subtle presentations of syphilis, alongside its asymptomatic stages, can contribute to delayed diagnosis and ongoing transmission. Since many cases are now identified outside specialist sexual health services, nurses have a central role in the early recognition, initial testing, patient education and prevention of the condition. This article outlines the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of syphilis. It examines prevention strategies including partner notification, emerging biomedical interventions and community-engaged health promotion, highlighting key implications for nursing practice and public health.