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Performance and mental workload dynamics during in-person and virtually-based remote learning of action sequences
Alexandra A Shaver1, Elizabeth M Kerman1,2, Hyuk Oh1,2
1Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, USA.
Ergonomics
|April 16, 2026
Summary
Remote learning and in-person learning both reduce mental workload. However, performance improves more gradually with in-person learning compared to remote learning.
Area of Science:
- Cognitive Science
- Educational Technology
- Human-Computer Interaction
Background:
- Remote learning is crucial for tele-health and tele-robotics.
- Understanding differences between remote and in-person learning is essential.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare performance and mental workload in remote versus in-person learning.
- To analyze the evolution of these metrics over time in both modalities.
Main Methods:
- Comparative study design.
- Performance metrics tracking.
- Mental workload assessment.
Main Results:
- Both learning modalities led to decreased mental workload.
- Performance was enhanced in both settings.
- In-person learning showed a slower rate of performance enhancement compared to remote learning.
Conclusions:
- Remote and in-person learning impact cognitive load and performance differently.
- The findings have implications for designing effective remote and hybrid learning strategies.
Keywords:
Remote learningaction sequencescognitive-motor performancemental workloadvirtual environment
