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Cryptic Declines in a Widespread Australian Frog Complex.

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This summary is machine-generated.

Declines in amphibian populations, particularly in upland areas, are a global concern. This study reveals significant drops in occupancy and increases in chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) prevalence with elevation in eastern Australia.

Keywords:
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidisalpine ecologyamphibian declinesdisease ecologyoccupancy modelingpopulation monitoring

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Area of Science:

  • Amphibian ecology and conservation biology.
  • Disease ecology and wildlife pathology.
  • Environmental science and climate change impacts.

Background:

  • Amphibian populations worldwide, especially in uplands, face severe declines.
  • The Pseudophryne bibronii complex in eastern Australia, once common, now has an uncertain status.
  • Limited surveys hinder understanding of amphibian population dynamics and threats.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess contemporary occupancy, relative abundance, and disease prevalence of the Pseudophryne bibronii complex across an elevational gradient.
  • To investigate the role of the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) in population declines.
  • To identify factors contributing to amphibian population changes in eastern Australia.

Main Methods:

  • Surveyed 70 historically occupied sites for the Pseudophryne bibronii complex over two breeding seasons.
  • Monitored sites across an elevational gradient from near sea level to ~1700 m.
  • Swabbed adult male amphibians to test for Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) infection and intensity.

Main Results:

  • Amphibian occupancy and abundance significantly decreased with increasing elevation.
  • Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) prevalence and infection intensity rose sharply in upland areas.
  • Occupancy declined from 71% at low elevations to 28% in upland sites.

Conclusions:

  • Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is implicated as a key factor in amphibian declines at higher elevations.
  • Unrecognized population contractions can occur in common species without targeted monitoring.
  • Time-lagged declines associated with chytrid fungus may affect amphibian populations.