Modeling of viscous frictional force in multicellular morphogenesis

Area of Science:

• Biophysics
• Developmental Biology
• Computational Biology

Background:

• Mechanical forces drive tissue deformation during morphogenesis.
• Mathematical models are essential for understanding these forces.
• Existing models like vertex, particle, and deformable cell models represent cell mechanics and dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

• To organize and review the modeling of viscous frictional forces in morphogenesis.
• To address the lack of consensus in current modeling approaches.
• To exemplify modeling in vertex and particle models.

Main Methods:

• Review and organization of existing literature on viscous frictional forces in morphogenesis models.
• Exemplification of viscous friction modeling within the vertex model framework.
• Exemplification of viscous friction modeling within the cell particle model framework.

Main Results:

• Viscous frictional forces are typically modeled as overdamped motion.
• These forces originate from the surrounding liquid medium, body fluid, and cell-cell/cell-ECM contacts.
• The motion of surrounding components, including the extracellular matrix (ECM), influences these forces.

Conclusions:

• A comprehensive understanding of viscous frictional forces is critical for accurate morphogenesis modeling.
• This review provides a structured overview and practical examples for modeling these forces.
• Clarifying the modeling of viscous friction aids in advancing the study of tissue development and mechanics.