The Economic Burden of Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review

Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer, as well as the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality. It significantly burdens patients, families, and the healthcare system. Considering this large economic impact, this review study aims to evaluate the total economic burden of gastric cancer.

An extensive search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and ProQuest databases for all original research articles that evaluated/reported the economic burden of gastric cancer. No timing restrictions and studies up to December 2024 were included. The inclusion criteria were defined using the PICOTS model, and the quality of the selected studies was assessed using the Drummond checklist by two independent researchers. Data from each study were extracted using a standardized data extraction form.

The cost data originated from 17 studies of gastric cancer. Most of the studies were performed in Asia, and the societal perspective was the most common approach for cost measurement. Direct medical costs would represent the most significant component of the economic burden of gastric cancer, the authors found. Chemotherapy was the dominant cost factor among these. In addition, indirect costs included a significant share of non-medical costs, such as travel, lodging, and home care. These included indirect productivity loss above due to absenteeism, premature mortality, and time costs.

This review consolidates evidence that the economic burden of gastric cancer is multifaceted and substantial, driven predominantly by direct medical costs like chemotherapy but significantly amplified by indirect productivity losses. The variation in healthcare systems and stage at diagnosis are critical factors shaping this economic impact, underscoring the potential for early detection and tailored economic interventions to mitigate this burden.