Performing Large-Scale Genetic Analysis in the Bleeding Disorders Community

Inherited bleeding disorders encompass a diverse group of conditions caused by genetic defects affecting coagulation factors, fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor, or platelet function. Despite major advances in quantitative and functional laboratory assays, a substantial diagnostic gap remains, particularly in patients with mild or atypical bleeding phenotypes. Genetic testing has become an important tool to complement traditional phenotypic testing, allowing for precise molecular characterisation and improved classification across the spectrum of bleeding disorders. This review summarises the role of genetic testing for rare coagulation factor deficiencies, von Willebrand disease (VWD), fibrinogen defects, and inherited platelet disorders (IPDs). Studies using next-generation sequencing (NGS), whole-exome sequencing, and whole-genome sequencing have identified numerous pathogenic variants, clarified inheritance patterns and helped to explain variable clinical presentations. In rare coagulation factor deficiencies, specific variants and inheritance patterns contribute to baseline factor levels. In VWD, molecular testing refines subtype classification and differentiates overlapping disorders. In fibrinogen disorders, large-scale sequencing efforts have uncovered extensive genetic heterogeneity and expanded variant databases. In IPDs, genomic studies have identified novel disease genes and improved diagnostic yield. Future work will focus on combining genetic data with functional and clinical information to improve diagnosis and guide personalised treatment. As sequencing technologies and bioinformatic tools evolve, genetic testing will play an increasingly central role in bridging the diagnostic gap and guiding precision medicine in inherited bleeding disorders. Large-scale community genetic analyses will foster data sharing and collaboration, enhance variant interpretation, and accelerate the translation of genomic discoveries into real-world benefits for the bleeding disorders community.