Relationship between different modes of death and premature ovarian insufficiency: a literature review

Early-onset ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by complex etiology and the involvement of diverse programmed cell death modalities. This review aims to systematically elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying programmed cell death in the pathogenesis of POI, with an emphasis on regulatory signaling networks and the dynamic switching of cell death modalities under distinct etiological contexts. We summarize the roles of key programmed cell death pathways-including apoptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, necroptosis, and autophagic cell death-in the onset and progression of POI. In addition, potential therapeutic strategies targeting dysregulated cell death processes are briefly discussed.