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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within...
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Antibiotic resistance in bacteria arises when microorganisms evolve the ability to withstand drugs designed to kill them or inhibit their growth, rendering once-effective treatments useless. This phenomenon, driven by genetic change and selection under antibiotic exposure, poses a profound threat to modern medicine. Mechanisms include drug-inactivating enzymes (e.g., β-lactamases), efflux pumps that eject antibiotics, mutations altering antibiotic targets, decreased drug uptake, and...
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Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern that arises when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotic treatments. This resistance can be intrinsic, acquired through genetic mutations, or transferred between bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. The development of antibiotic resistance poses significant challenges in treating bacterial infections and necessitates ongoing research to develop new therapeutic strategies.Intrinsic resistance occurs when bacterial...
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Biological agents offer an effective means of controlling microbial growth by leveraging natural processes like predation, competition, and the secretion of antimicrobial substances.Predatory bacteria such as Bdellovibrio species target and kill pathogens like Salmonella and E. coli. They are widely used in poultry farms to control infections. Myxococcus species help combat plant-pathogenic fungi. These naturally occurring predators serve as eco-friendly alternatives to chemical pesticides and...
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The effectiveness of antimicrobial agents depends on various factors influencing their ability to eliminate microbial populations. Larger microbial populations require more time for complete eradication, emphasizing the importance of population size analysis when evaluating antimicrobial efficacy.Microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents varies significantly. Highly resilient microorganisms include endospores, gram-negative bacteria, and non-enveloped viruses, while prions are exceptionally...
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Mitigating Antimicrobial Resistance Through an Ecological One-Health Framework.

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Summary

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major health and ecological threat. A One Health approach integrating human, animal, and environmental strategies is crucial to combat AMR spread and preserve antibiotic effectiveness.

Keywords:
antimicrobial resistanceantimicrobial stewardshipenvironmental reservoirsglobal health policyone Healthresistome

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Area of Science:

  • Global Health
  • Ecology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical global challenge, spreading across human, animal, and environmental systems.
  • Wastewater, soil, and wildlife serve as key reservoirs for resistant organisms and genes.
  • A One Health framework is essential to address AMR as both a medical and ecological crisis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the mechanisms driving AMR emergence and dissemination.
  • To explore integrated stewardship, ecological management, and policy interventions for AMR mitigation.
  • To analyze selective pressures in clinical and environmental settings influencing resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on AMR mechanisms and interventions.
  • Analysis of selective pressures across clinical and environmental settings.
  • Examination of case studies on coordinated surveillance and stewardship programs.

Main Results:

  • Judicious antimicrobial use in healthcare and veterinary medicine reduces selective pressure.
  • Environmental safeguards like wastewater management decrease AMR transmission risk.
  • Coordinated cross-sectoral surveillance provides early warnings of emerging resistomes.

Conclusions:

  • Integrated responses addressing interconnected human, animal, and environmental systems are vital for AMR control.
  • Ecological thinking and One Health principles are critical for sustainable AMR solutions.
  • Embedding One Health into action plans is essential to safeguard biodiversity and preserve antimicrobials.