Evaluation of objective ocular cyclodeviation according to age, sex, and eye side

We measured objective cyclodeviation in patients aged 10-90 years and evaluated differences between age groups, sexes, and eye sides using the disc-fovea angle (DFA).

Retrospective observational study METHODS: Patients who underwent fundus photography at Kozawa Eye Hospital and Diabetes Center between January 2016 and August 2021 were included. The participants aged 10-90 years were allocated into 10-year age groups. Each age group comprised 400 eyes from 200 participants (100 male and 100 female participants), resulting in a total of 3,600 eyes from 1,800 participants. DFA, defined as the angle between a horizontal line passing through the macula and the line joining the central fossa and papillary center, was analyzed using the Angle Tool in ImageJ software. When the horizontal line passing through the macula was higher than the line joining the central fossa and papillary center, the eye was classified as having excyclotorsion, indicated by a positive sign.

DFA increased with age, from 6.37 ± 3.56° in participants in their 10s to 8.46 ± 3.96° in those in their 90s (p < 0.0001). DFA was significantly different between sexes (male vs. female: 7.25 ± 3.60° vs. 7.65 ± 3.71°; p < 0.0001). Additionally, a significant difference was observed between eye sides (right vs. left eye: 7.13 ± 3.69° vs. 7.77 ± 3.60°; p < 0.0001).

DFA increases with age, exhibits higher values in female individuals, and shows greater measurements in the left eye.