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Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Antimicrobial Peptides Produced by Selective Pressure Incorporation of Non-canonical Amino Acids
Published on: May 4, 2018
Identification of a Pellino gene (PcPellino) and its role in regulating antimicrobial peptide gene expression in
Qian Ren1, Zhiqiang Xu2, Zhuoxing Zhang3
1State Key Laboratory of Climate System Prediction and Risk Management, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
Abstract:
Pellino, a key component of the Toll signaling pathway, plays an indispensable role in the innate immune response of invertebrates through its ubiquitin ligase activity and its function as a scaffold protein. A novel Pellino gene, designated as PcPellino, was identified in Procambarus clarkii. The full-length cDNA of PcPellino is 1872 bp, containing an open reading frame of 1305 bp that encodes 434 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence contains a low-complexity region and a conserved Pellino domain. Retention of intron 1 or utilization of an alternative acceptor site within intron 2 generated three additional isoforms, and all four protein isoforms shared the same functional domains. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that PcPellino is widely distributed across tissues, with relatively high expression levels in the gills and intestines. Upon challenge with bacteria or viruses, the expression of PcPellino in the gills and intestines was significantly upregulated. Knockdown of PcPellino in P. clarkii followed by bacterial or viral challenge resulted in inhibited expression of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in the gills and intestines. Collectively, these results suggest that the PcPellino gene is involved in regulating AMP gene expression during the innate immune response in P. clarkii.
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