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Canine mammary carcinoma: An update
Oscar Hernán Rodríguez-Bejarano1, Lucía Botero2, Giovanni Vargas Hernández2
1Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales (U.D.C.A), Calle 222#55-37, Bogotá 111166, Colombia; FIDIC Group, Fundación para la Investigación Traslacional Manuel Elkin Patarroyo (FITMEP), Calle 44#58-05, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; PhD Programme in Biotechnology, Sciences Faculty, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45#26-85, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; Immunology and Translational Medicine Group, Medicine Faculty, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45#26-85, Bogotá 111321, Colombia.
Abstract:
Canine mammary carcinoma (CMC) is the most frequently diagnosed tumour in unspayed canines and leads to one of the main causes of their deaths, thereby making it a major problem for veterinary medicine. Such neoplasia appears spontaneously and, due to its biological and clinical similarity with human breast cancer (HBC), it has been considered an excellent animal biomodel for studying this type of cancer. This review addresses CMC's main characteristics, including clinical-diagnostic approach, histopathological and clinicopathological aspects, epidemiological features, carcinogenesis, metabolic reprogramming, therapeutic tools, related biomarkers and prognostic and predictive factors.
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