What Should Patients With Age-Related Macular Degeneration Eat?

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Nutrition Science
• Gerontology

Background:

• Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of vision loss in older adults.
• Dietary factors and micronutrient supplementation are increasingly recognized for their role in AMD management.
• Evidence-based guidelines are needed for patients and physicians regarding diet and supplements for AMD.

Purpose of the Study:

• To summarize current data on dietary recommendations for individuals with AMD.
• To propose simple, evidence-based guidelines for diet and micronutrient supplementation in AMD patients.
• To provide actionable information for patients and physicians managing AMD.

Main Methods:

• Selective literature review focusing on diet, micronutrients, and AMD progression.
• Interpretation of evidence with a clinical perspective.
• Synthesis of data from major studies like AREDS/AREDS2 and international cohort studies.

Main Results:

• Mediterranean diet adherence is linked to slower AMD progression across all stages.
• Higher intake of fish, vegetables, and lower red meat consumption are particularly protective.
• AREDS2 formulation supplementation reduced AMD progression and slowed geographic atrophy (GA) enlargement.
• Dietary and supplement benefits are complementary and non-redundant.

Conclusions:

• A Mediterranean diet is recommended for all stages of AMD.
• Dietary emphasis may shift based on AMD stage, favoring plant-based over animal-based diets for late AMD with GA.
• AREDS2 formulation is advised for intermediate or advanced AMD, especially with extrafoveal GA.
• Combined use of Mediterranean diet and AREDS2 supplementation maximizes benefits for AMD management.