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Related Concept Videos

Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Modeling Brain Metastases Through Intracranial Injection and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Subtype-Specific Risk and Temporal Dynamics of Brain Metastases in Metastatic Breast Cancer.

Kyoo Hyun Kim1, Joohyuk Sohn1, Min Hwan Kim1

  • 1Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Clinical Breast Cancer
|April 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Brain metastases (BM) are a significant challenge in metastatic breast cancer (MBC). HER2-positive and triple-negative breast cancer subtypes show a high risk of early BM, necessitating prompt surveillance.

Keywords:
CNS surveillanceCumulative incidencePrognosisSurvivalTemporal trend

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cancer Metastasis
  • Clinical Research

Background:

  • Brain metastases (BM) pose a significant clinical challenge in metastatic breast cancer (MBC), impacting patient survival and quality of life.
  • Despite treatment advances, understanding the incidence and trends of BM across breast cancer subtypes is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the lifetime incidence and temporal trends of brain metastases (BM) in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients.
  • To analyze survival outcomes associated with BM burden and treatment strategies across different breast cancer subtypes.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 2311 metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients treated between 2005 and 2024.
  • Extraction of clinical, radiologic, and molecular data, comparing BM incidence across subtypes.
  • Analysis of survival outcomes based on BM burden (lesion number, symptoms) and local treatment.

Main Results:

  • Brain metastases (BM) developed in 22.7% of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients.
  • Higher BM incidence observed in HER2-positive (34.2%) and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) (33.0%) subtypes compared to HR+/HER2- (14.4%).
  • Early peak incidence of BM within 3 years for TNBC and HER2+ subtypes; survival linked to tumor burden and symptoms.

Conclusions:

  • HER2-positive and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtypes exhibit a high risk of early brain metastases (BM), typically within 3 years of metastatic disease onset.
  • Findings underscore the importance of early surveillance strategies for high-risk MBC subtypes to facilitate timely detection and intervention.
  • Timely detection and intervention for brain metastases can potentially improve outcomes for patients with metastatic breast cancer.