Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

1
Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular...
1
Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:24

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

2
PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
2
Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations01:19

Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations

9
Type 1 diabetes mellitus typically presents with rapid-onset symptoms due to the body’s inability to utilize glucose in the absence of insulin. Since insulin is required for glucose uptake into cells, its deficiency leads to hyperglycemia and cellular energy deprivation, resulting in characteristic clinical features.Polyuria and PolydipsiaOne of the earliest, most prominent symptoms is polyuria (excessive urination). When blood glucose concentrations rise above the renal threshold, the...
9
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

5.9K
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
5.9K
Hyperglycemia01:29

Hyperglycemia

2
Hyperglycemia is an abnormally high blood glucose level. It is diagnosed by fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (or OGTT) ≥200 mg/dL, random glucose ≥200 mg/dL with symptoms, or HbA1c ≥6.5%. However, HbA1c results may be unreliable in certain conditions, such as anemia or hemoglobinopathies, and the diagnosis should be confirmed unless classic symptoms are present. Postprandial hyperglycemia is typically considered significant when glucose...
2
Type II Diabetes I: Introduction01:26

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

2
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
2

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Spatial distribution of the proteome in the human body and in cancers.

Nature·2026
Same author

Development and External Validation of the Cantonese Dietary Index: A Population-Based Approach to Assess Diet Quality and Metabolic Risk.

Nutrients·2026
Same author

Trans-ethnic estimation and implications of genetic impact on continuous glycemic profiles.

Cell discovery·2026
Same author

Allelic variation in UVR8 modulates thermotolerance-yield tradeoffs in plants.

Cell research·2026
Same author

Early Identification of Mobility Limitations in Community-Dwelling Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Development of a Prediction Model Based on a Prospective Cohort.

JMIR aging·2026
Same author

DDA-BERT: end-to-end training for data-dependent acquisition mass spectrometry-based proteomics.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Author Correction: The SESAME complex regulates cell senescence through the generation of acetyl-CoA.

Nature metabolism·2026
Same journal

Effects of exercise and liraglutide on vascular health and inflammation during weight loss maintenance: a prespecified secondary analysis of the S-LiTE trial.

Nature metabolism·2026
Same journal

Exercise and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists in cardiovascular disease beyond weight loss.

Nature metabolism·2026
Same journal

Host metabolism can produce many indoles and phenols independently of the microbiome.

Nature metabolism·2026
Same journal

Understanding the somatic evolution of metabolic traits.

Nature metabolism·2026
Same journal

Adiposity and cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Nature metabolism·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Glycemic Impact on Knee Osteoarthritis Symptoms on Physical, Radiographic, and Inflammatory Markers among Individuals Aged 50 and Over with Diabetes
07:22

Glycemic Impact on Knee Osteoarthritis Symptoms on Physical, Radiographic, and Inflammatory Markers among Individuals Aged 50 and Over with Diabetes

Published on: March 7, 2025

1.2K

Longitudinal multimorbidity trajectories shape personalized glycaemic patterns.

Ke Zhang1,2,3, Jieteng Chen1,2,3, Yan Yan4

  • 1Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.

Nature Metabolism
|April 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cumulative chronic diseases in older adults significantly impact blood sugar control and dietary responses. This study introduces a multimorbidity index to guide personalized glycaemic management and dietary interventions.

More Related Videos

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report
05:10

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report

Published on: May 30, 2025

1.5K
A High-Throughput Electrochemiluminescence 7-Plex Assay Simultaneously Screening for Type 1 Diabetes and Multiple Autoimmune Diseases
06:50

A High-Throughput Electrochemiluminescence 7-Plex Assay Simultaneously Screening for Type 1 Diabetes and Multiple Autoimmune Diseases

Published on: May 29, 2020

3.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Glycemic Impact on Knee Osteoarthritis Symptoms on Physical, Radiographic, and Inflammatory Markers among Individuals Aged 50 and Over with Diabetes
07:22

Glycemic Impact on Knee Osteoarthritis Symptoms on Physical, Radiographic, and Inflammatory Markers among Individuals Aged 50 and Over with Diabetes

Published on: March 7, 2025

1.2K
Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report
05:10

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report

Published on: May 30, 2025

1.5K
A High-Throughput Electrochemiluminescence 7-Plex Assay Simultaneously Screening for Type 1 Diabetes and Multiple Autoimmune Diseases
06:50

A High-Throughput Electrochemiluminescence 7-Plex Assay Simultaneously Screening for Type 1 Diabetes and Multiple Autoimmune Diseases

Published on: May 29, 2020

3.2K

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Metabolic Health
  • Chronic Disease Epidemiology

Background:

  • Older adults frequently experience multiple chronic diseases (multimorbidity), but its impact on blood sugar regulation is not fully understood.
  • Glycaemic variability and individual responses to diet are critical aspects of metabolic health in aging populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between cumulative disease burden and glycaemic dysregulation in older adults.
  • To develop and validate a systemic multimorbidity index (MMI-system) for assessing chronic disease impact.
  • To explore the role of proteomic profiles in mediating the effects of multimorbidity on glycaemic responses to dietary challenges.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal tracking of 1,398 participants over 12 years in the Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study.
  • Development of a systemic multimorbidity index (MMI-system) to quantify cumulative chronic disease burden.
  • Continuous glucose monitoring and proteomic analysis (lipid homeostasis proteins) to assess glycaemic dynamics and dietary responses.
  • Independent validation in the China Health and Nutrition Survey cohort.

Main Results:

  • The MMI-system showed a dose-dependent association with increased glycaemic variability and altered sensitivity to dietary challenges, irrespective of diabetes status.
  • Lipid homeostasis proteins accounted for 12.9% of the association between MMI-system and personalized dietary responses.
  • Findings were consistently validated in an independent cohort, confirming the robustness of the multimorbidity index.

Conclusions:

  • Cumulative disease trajectories, as measured by the MMI-system, significantly influence glycaemic variability and dietary responses in aging individuals.
  • Integrating multimorbidity profiling with proteomic data offers a promising approach for precision glycaemic management in older adults.
  • These insights can inform the development of targeted dietary interventions to improve metabolic health in the elderly.