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Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Capillary Electrophoresis Mass Spectrometry Approaches for Characterization of the Protein and Metabolite Corona Acquired by Nanomaterials
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Condensate corona-nanoparticle complexes transfer functional biomolecules between cells.

Laurent Adumeau1, Yuchen Lin1, Mura M McCafferty1

  • 1Centre for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.

Nature Materials
|April 16, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Synthetic nanoparticles can form hybrid complexes with cell-derived biomolecular condensates. These complexes transfer intact proteins and RNAs between cells, offering new insights into intercellular communication and delivery systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Nanotechnology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Biological nanoscale assemblies mediate intercellular communication via protein and RNA transfer.
  • The impact of synthetic nanostructures on these natural processes remains largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the formation and function of nanostructure-biological hybrid complexes.
  • To determine if synthetic nanoparticles can mediate intercellular transfer of cellular components.

Main Methods:

  • Cellular uptake and export of synthetic nanoparticles.
  • Characterization of nanoparticle-associated biomolecular condensates using proteomics and transcriptomics.
  • Analysis of condensate corona stability and intracellular trafficking.
  • Inhibition studies using surface-modified nanoparticles.

Main Results:

  • Internalized nanoparticles acquired cell-derived biomolecular condensate coronas, distinct from extracellular vesicles.
  • These hybrid complexes were exported and internalized by other cells.
  • The condensate corona protected intact proteins and RNAs (mRNA, long RNA) extracellularly.
  • Coronas detached within endosomes, enabling escape from the endo-lysosomal pathway and cytosolic/nuclear delivery.
  • Surface peptide modification blocked corona detachment and endo-lysosomal escape.

Conclusions:

  • A novel, condensate-mediated pathway for intercellular transfer of biomolecular machinery, including RNA, has been revealed.
  • This natural mechanism highlights the potential for designing synthetic delivery systems inspired by biological processes.
  • Understanding condensate-nanoparticle interactions is crucial for controlling intracellular delivery.