Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

25.9K
The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
25.9K
Rate-Determining Steps03:08

Rate-Determining Steps

39.7K
Relating Reaction Mechanisms
In a multistep reaction mechanism, one of the elementary steps progresses significantly slower than the others. This slowest step is called the rate-limiting step (or rate-determining step). A reaction cannot proceed faster than its slowest step, and hence, the rate-determining step limits the overall reaction rate.
The concept of rate-determining step can be understood from the analogy of a 4-lane freeway with a short-stretch of traffic-bottleneck caused due to...
39.7K
Resonance02:52

Resonance

72.0K
The Lewis structure of a nitrite anion (NO2−) may actually be drawn in two different ways, distinguished by the locations of the N-O and N=O bonds.
72.0K
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

32.2K
Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
32.2K
Structural Isomerism02:34

Structural Isomerism

22.6K
Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly,...
22.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Glucose Modulated-Frustrated Lewis Acid-Base Pairs and Oxygen Vacancy for Enhanced Photocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> Reduction.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same author

2D Amorphous MoO<sub>3-x</sub>/Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> MXene Heterostructure: Interface Charge Transfer-Induced Carbon Defect-Driven Enhancement of Ferromagnetism.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same author

Perfect Carbon Balance in Electrooxidation of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural to Formic Acid Over Fe-MoS<sub>2</sub>.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same author

Spin glass in quantum paraelectric KTaO<sub>3</sub>: Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub>-induced monoclinic phase.

Science advances·2026
Same author

Multifunctional PNIPAM Hydrogels Based on Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub>-Assisted PEDOT:PSS/SWCNT Hybrid Structure.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026
Same author

Recent Advances in Photocatalytic Systems and Selectivity Control Mechanisms.

ChemSusChem·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes
10:51

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

Published on: April 10, 2015

12.9K

Dual-Atomic Ruthenium Interdistance Mediated by Metal-Metal Multiple Bonds for Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction

Chuang Wu1, Bo Gao1, Wending Hu1

  • 1Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, P. R. China.

Inorganic Chemistry
|April 17, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Optimizing the distance between ruthenium atoms in dual-atom catalysts enhances electrocatalytic nitrate reduction for ammonia synthesis. This breakthrough improves nitrate pollutant remediation and sustainable ammonia production.

More Related Videos

Synthesis of Platinum-nickel Nanowires and Optimization for Oxygen Reduction Performance
09:02

Synthesis of Platinum-nickel Nanowires and Optimization for Oxygen Reduction Performance

Published on: April 27, 2018

8.4K
Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
10:57

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Published on: April 10, 2018

19.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 18, 2026

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes
10:51

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

Published on: April 10, 2015

12.9K
Synthesis of Platinum-nickel Nanowires and Optimization for Oxygen Reduction Performance
09:02

Synthesis of Platinum-nickel Nanowires and Optimization for Oxygen Reduction Performance

Published on: April 27, 2018

8.4K
Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
10:57

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Published on: April 10, 2018

19.4K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction is key for environmental remediation and ammonia synthesis.
  • Nitrate's weak ligand binding hinders efficient and selective electrocatalysis.
  • Bidentate bridging via dual-atomic sites is ideal for nitrate binding, requiring specific metal-metal distances.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To tune the Ru-Ru interdistance in diruthenium-based dual-atom catalysts (Ru2-DAC).
  • To investigate the effect of Ru-Ru interdistance on electrocatalytic nitrate reduction.
  • To enhance nitrate conversion to ammonia using optimized Ru2-DAC.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of diruthenium complexes with varying Ru-Ru bonds as precursors.
  • Fabrication of diruthenium-based dual-atom catalysts (Ru2-DAC) with tunable interatomic distances.
  • Electrocatalytic testing of Ru2-DAC for nitrate reduction to ammonia under neutral pH.

Main Results:

  • Ru2-DAC with an optimal Ru-Ru interdistance (Ru═Ru/DAC) showed superior electrocatalytic activity.
  • Achieved high ammonia yield (3.48 mgNH3 h-1 mgcat-1) and Faradaic efficiency (95%) at -0.3 V vs RHE.
  • Catalyst with inappropriate Ru-Ru interdistance (Ru-Ru/DAC) exhibited significantly lower performance.

Conclusions:

  • Optimized Ru-Ru interdistance in Ru2-DAC substantially enhances electrocatalytic nitrate reduction.
  • Improved performance is attributed to enhanced nitrate adsorption and *NO2 deoxygenation.
  • This work provides a strategy for designing efficient dual-atom catalysts for environmental and energy applications.