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Related Concept Videos

Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview I01:26

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The main and largest component of the human brain is the cerebrum. The cerebrum consists of two main parts: the cerebral cortex, an outer layer with wrinkles or folds known as gyri and shallow grooves called sulci, and a deeper region beneath it. The cerebrum divides into two distinct hemispheres and contains five different lobes: the frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, and insula. The central sulcus separates the frontal and parietal lobes and two functionally important gyri — the...
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Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the...
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Each cerebral hemisphere can be divided into three main regions. The outermost region, the cerebral cortex, is a thin layer (2 to 4 millimeters thick) made up of gray matter, consisting of neuron cell bodies, dendrites, glial cells, and blood vessels. The middle region, or white matter, is primarily composed of myelinated nerve fibers organized into three types of large tracts: association fibers, commissures, and projection fibers. Association fibers connect different areas within the same...
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The limbic system, often called the "emotional brain," is a complex set of structures located deep within the brain. The intricate network of the limbic system supports a wide range of psychological functions, from emotional regulation to memory formation and sensory processing. This functional brain region encompasses specific parts of the diencephalon and the cerebrum, integrating the higher mental functions of the cerebral cortex with the primitive emotional responses of the deep brain...
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The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
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Structuro-Functional Differentiation and Coupling of Gyri and Sulci in the Neonatal Cortex.

Wei Mao1, Zhibin He2, Xuewei Jin1

  • 1The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.

Human Brain Mapping
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Summary

Neonatal brain development shows gyri acting as global hubs and sulci as local units. This study reveals how their structure and function connect and change during early development.

Keywords:
cortical gyri and sulciearly brain developmentmultimodal magnetic resonance imagingneonatal cerebral cortexstructural and functional connectivitystructure–function coupling

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Neonatal brain development is critical for understanding mature brain function.
  • Gyri and sulci are key anatomical features of the cerebral cortex, but their early developmental relationship is understudied.
  • Understanding gyro-sulcal differentiation is vital for insights into neurodevelopmental trajectories.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structuro-functional relationship between gyri and sulci in the developing neonatal brain.
  • To examine changes in functional connectivity (FC) and structural connectivity (SC) within and between gyro-sulcal regions.
  • To characterize the coupling of FC and SC during early brain maturation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized multi-modal MRI data (structural T2w, diffusion-weighted, resting-state fMRI) from 438 neonates.
  • Analyzed gyro-sulcal differences in FC and SC from 38 to 44 weeks postmenstrual age.
  • Examined FC-SC coupling patterns across cortical regions and developmental time.

Main Results:

  • Gyri consistently showed stronger FC and SC than sulci, acting as global hubs.
  • Sulci exhibited weaker connectivity, functioning as local processing units.
  • FC-SC coupling demonstrated distinct regional patterns and a notable shift around 41 weeks postmenstrual age.

Conclusions:

  • Established gyri as global and sulci as local hubs in the neonatal brain.
  • Provided a normative reference for gyro-sulcal differentiation and FC-SC coupling.
  • Findings may aid in identifying early biomarkers for neurodevelopmental disorders.