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Leveraging Neighborhood-Level Interventions to Improve Cardiovascular Health: A Scoping Review.

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Neighborhood interventions improving cardiovascular health are effective, especially multicomponent strategies combining environmental changes with support. These approaches show promise for diet and physical activity in vulnerable groups.

Keywords:
cardiovascular diseasecause of deathdietexerciseobesity

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Environmental Health
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Cardiovascular disease is a leading global cause of mortality.
  • Neighborhood factors like food access and green space impact cardiovascular health, disproportionately affecting vulnerable populations.
  • Understanding effective neighborhood-level interventions is crucial for public health strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and evaluate neighborhood-level interventions for cardiovascular health promotion.
  • To determine the effectiveness of various strategies in improving cardiovascular health outcomes.
  • To assess the impact of interventions on cardiovascular health behaviors and risk factors.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive scoping review of studies published between 2015 and 2025.
  • Searches conducted across major databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, OVID Medline).
  • Included 20 studies (15 RCTs, 5 quasi-experimental) focusing on neighborhood environmental modifications and support.

Main Results:

  • 55% of studies showed beneficial cardiovascular outcomes, with dietary behaviors (73%) and physical activity (63%) showing the most improvement.
  • Multicomponent interventions integrating environmental changes with individual or community support were most effective.
  • Cardiometabolic risk factors showed limited improvement compared to behavioral outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Multicomponent neighborhood interventions show promise for improving cardiovascular health behaviors, particularly diet and physical activity, in disadvantaged populations.
  • Integrating environmental modifications with multi-level support is key to intervention success.
  • Future research should focus on long-term sustainability, cost-effectiveness, and policy implications of these interventions.