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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Derivation of a Human Brain Organoid with Microglia Development

Derivation of a Human Brain Organoid with Microglia Development

Published on: January 17, 2025

The Microglia Forebrain Assembloid Model Recapitulates Human Brain Development and Neuroimmune Biology.

Zeinab Tashi^1,2, Kaila Gemenes^1,2, Santiago Ochoa^1,2

¹Arizona State University, School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering. Tempe Arizona, USA.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology

|April 17, 2026

Summary

Researchers modeled human brain development by combining organoids with microglia, revealing their crucial role in early cortical formation and neurodevelopment. This study sheds light on neuroimmune interactions during critical developmental stages.

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Last Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Derivation of a Human Brain Organoid with Microglia Development

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Published on: January 17, 2025

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Transplantation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Microglia in Immunocompetent Mice Brain via Non-Invasive Transnasal Route

Transplantation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Microglia in Immunocompetent Mice Brain via Non-Invasive Transnasal Route

Published on: May 31, 2022

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Immunology
Developmental Biology

Background:

Microglia, the brain's innate immune cells, are vital for CNS health but their role in early neurodevelopment is unclear.
Microglial dysfunction is linked to neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation, and metabolic changes.
Microglia enter the brain during early neurogenesis, before neuronal differentiation, but their specific functions then are unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of microglia in human cortical development.
To model neuroimmune interactions during early brain formation.
To understand the functional contributions of microglia during neurogenesis.

Main Methods:

Created human "assembloids" by combining human embryonic stem cell-derived forebrain organoids with developmentally matched microglia.
Cultured these assembloids during cortex formation.
Analyzed functional contributions using histology and metabolomics compared to control organoids.

Main Results:

The study successfully modeled human cortical development with integrated microglia.
Histology and metabolomics revealed specific functional contributions of microglia during this process.
The results provide insights into the previously undescribed role of microglia in early neurodevelopment.

Conclusions:

Microglia play an important, previously undescribed role during human cortical development.
Neuroimmune interactions are critical during early neurogenesis.
This model system allows for the study of microglia's impact on neural development.